Francisco de Toledo, Date of Birth, Place of Birth, Date of Death

Francisco de Toledo

Viceroy of Peru

Date of Birth: 10-Jul-1515

Place of Birth: Oropesa, Castile-La Mancha, Spain

Date of Death: 21-Apr-1582

Profession: military personnel, politician

Nationality: Spain

Zodiac Sign: Cancer

Francisco Álvarez de Toledo (Oropesa, 10 July 1515 – Escalona, 21 April 1582), also known as The Viceroyal Solon, was an aristocrat and soldier of the Kingdom of Spain and the fifth Viceroy of Peru.
He is often considered the "best of Peru's viceroys," albeit controversial for the deleterious impact of some of his actions on the Native American population.
He brought stability to a tumultuous viceroyalty of Spain and enacted administrative reforms which changed the character of Spanish rule and the relationship between the indigenous Native Americans of the Andes and their Spanish overlords.
With a policy called reductions, Toledo forcibly relocated much of the Indian population of Peru and Bolivia into new settlements to facilitate Christianization, to collect tribute and taxes, and to gather Inca labor to work in mines and other Spanish enterprises.
He held the position of viceroy from November 30, 1569, until 1 May 1581, a total of eleven years and five months.
He has been praised as the "supreme organizer" of the immense viceroyalty, giving it an adequate legal structure and strengthening important institutions under which the Spanish colony functioned for more than two hundred years.
He is criticized for the reductions of the Indian population, expanding the forced labor demanded of the Indians under the mita of the Inca Empire, and executing Túpac Amaru, the last Inca of the Neo-Inca State in Vilcabamba.