Ludwig I (23 December 1173 – 15 September 1231), called the Kelheimer or of Kelheim (German: Ludwig der Kelheimer), since he was born and died at Kelheim, was the Duke of Bavaria from 1183 and Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1214.
He was a son of Otto I and his wife Agnes of Loon.
Ludwig was married to Ludmilla, a daughter of Duke Frederick of Bohemia.