Date of Birth: 
Place of Birth: Damietta, Damietta Governorate, Egypt
About Refaat Al-Gammal
- Refaat Ali Suleiman Al-Gammal (Arabic: ???? ??? ?????? ???????) (July 1, 1927 – January 30, 1982), better known as Raafat Al-Haggan (Arabic: ???? ????????) in Egypt and as Jack Beton in Israel, was an Egyptian spy who spent 17 years performing clandestine operations in Israel.Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate (EGID), claims that he moved to Israel as an Egyptian Intelligence asset in 1956.
- He was well known in the Israeli society and was involved in commercial projects.
- According to the Egyptians, he provided the Egyptian intelligence service with important information while operating a tourism company as a front.
- Al-Gammal's intelligence concerned, among other things, the Six-Day War, and he had an important role in the Yom Kippur War by providing Egypt with detailed engineering data about the Bar Lev Line.
- Al-Gammal is considered a national hero in Egypt.
- Most information about him is still confidential.Some sources claim that the information published by the Egyptian Intelligence is pure fiction and that the Shin Bet knew about Al-Gammal from the early beginning and converted him into a double agent to work for them, and that he provided false information to the Egyptians which led to the destruction of the Egyptian Air Force in the Six-Day War.
- A recent publication, Mossad - The Greatest Missions of the Israeli Secret Service (Bar-Zohar and Mishal, Harper Collins, 2014: 126) supports this claim.
- It claims that Al-Gammal has been working as a double agent for the Israelis for more than 12 years.
- This resulted in one of the greatest successes of the Israeli secret service.
- On the eve of the 6-day war (during which Israel conquered the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem, The West Bank and the Sinai desert) Al-Gammal sent expertly doctored Israeli information to his Egyptian superiors that Israel would first launch a ground attack before sending its aircraft into battle.
- The misleading information, in combination with a classic 'maskirovca' action by the Israeli air force, lulled the Egyptian air force into laxity.
- On the 5th June 1967 Israel used its 196 strike aircraft in what was later known as Operation Moked; the surprise attack in which it destroyed within a 48-hour period no less than 416 Arab aircraft - 393 on the ground - at the loss of only 26 Israeli Aircraft (The Six Day War 1967: Sinai, Simon Dunstan, 2009:39, Osprey Publishing).
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