Joseph René Vilatte (January 24, 1854 – July 8, 1929), also known religiously as Mar Timotheus I, was a French–American Christian leader active in France and the United States.
He was associated with several Christian denominations before his ordination as a priest by a Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland (CKS) bishop at the request of a Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America (PECUSA) bishop for service in a PECUSA diocese.Vilatte was later consecrated as a bishop by Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church bishops, with the knowledge and permission of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.
After being expelled from multiple denominations, he was considered an example of an episcopus vagans, or wandering bishop.Although never a bishop within an Old Catholic denomination or sect, and denounced by the Union of Utrecht Old Catholic churches, Vilatte became known as the "first Old Catholic bishop of the United States".