Coloman, King of Hungary, Date of Birth, Place of Birth, Date of Death
TweetColoman, King of Hungary
king of Hungary (1095-1116)
Date of Birth: 
Place of Birth: Székesfehérvár, Fejér County, Hungary
About Coloman, King of Hungary
- Coloman the Learned, also the Book-Lover or the Bookish (Hungarian: Könyves Kálmán; Croatian: Koloman; Slovak: Koloman Ucený; c.
- 1070 – 3 February 1116) was King of Hungary from 1095 and King of Croatia from 1097 until his death.
- Because Coloman and his younger brother Álmos were underage when their father Géza I died, their uncle Ladislaus I ascended the throne in 1077.
- Ladislaus prepared Coloman—who was "half-blind and humpbacked", according to late medieval Hungarian chronicles—for a church career, and Coloman was eventually appointed bishop of Eger or Várad (Oradea, Romania) in the early 1090s.
- The dying King Ladislaus preferred Álmos to Coloman when nominating his heir in early 1095.
- Coloman fled from Hungary but returned around 19 July 1095 when his uncle died.
- He was crowned in early 1096; the circumstances of his accession to the throne are unknown.
- He granted the Hungarian Duchy—one-third of the Kingdom of Hungary—to Álmos. In the year of Coloman's coronation, at least five large groups of crusaders arrived in Hungary on their way to the Holy Land.
- He annihilated the bands who were entering his kingdom unauthorized or pillaging the countryside, but the main crusader army crossed Hungary without incident.
- He invaded Croatia in 1097, defeating its last native king Petar Svacic.
- Consequently, he was crowned king of Croatia in 1102.
- According to the late 14th-century Pacta conventa (the authenticity of which is not universally accepted by scholars), he was only crowned after having ratified a treaty with the leaders of the Croatian nobility.
- For centuries thereafter, the Hungarian monarchs were also the kings of Croatia. Coloman had to face his brother's attempts to dethrone him throughout his life; Álmos devised plots to overthrow him on at least five occasions.
- In retaliation, he seized his brother's duchy in 1107 or 1108 and had Álmos and Álmos' son Béla blinded in about 1114.
- Hungarian chronicles, which were compiled in the reigns of kings descending from his mutilated brother and nephew, depict Coloman as a bloodthirsty and unfortunate monarch.
- On the other hand, he is portrayed as "the most well-versed in the science of letters among all the kings of his day" by the contemporaneous chronicler Gallus Anonymus.
- Coloman's decrees, which governed many aspects of life—including taxation, trade and relations between his Christian and non-Christian subjects—remained unmodified for more than a century.
- He was the first Hungarian king to renounce control of the appointment of prelates in his realms.
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