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About Mikhail Kalinin
- Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (Russian: ?????´? ???´????? ????´???; 19 November [O.S.
- 7 November] 1875 – 3 June 1946), known familiarly by Soviet citizens as "Kalinych", was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician.
- He served as head of state of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and later of the Soviet Union from 1919 to 1946.
- From 1926, he was a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Born to a peasant family, Kalinin worked as a metal worker in Saint Petersburg and took part in the 1905 Russian Revolution as an early member of the Bolsheviks.
- During and after the October Revolution, he served as mayor of Petrograd (St.
- Petersburg).
- After the revolution, Kalinin became the head of the new Soviet state, as well as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Politburo.
- Kalinin remained head of the Soviet Union after the rise of Joseph Stalin, but held little real power or influence.
- He retired in 1946 and died in the same year.
- The former East-Prussian city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad after him.
- The city of Tver was also known as Kalinin until the end of the Soviet Union in 1990.
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