Charles Alston (1683 – 22 November 1760) was a Scottish botanist.
Alston was born in Hamilton, Lanarkshire, and was apparently raised by the Duke and Duchess of Hamilton.In 1715 he went to Leyden to study under the Dutch physician Hermann Boerhaave.
On his return to Scotland he became lecturer in materia medica and botany at Edinburgh and also superintendent of the botanical gardens.
He was a critic of Linnaeus's system of plant classification.
He was appointed Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1716, holding the position until 1760.