Elfriede Paul (* 14 January 1900 in Cologne; †30 August 1981 in Ahrenshoop) was a German physician.
Paul, a small and energetic women, was most notable for being a communist member of the anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Gestapo.
Paul was one of the few members of the Red Orchestra Group to survive imprisonment or execution at the hands of the Gestapo.
After the war she became an important person in drawing up health policy for the peoples of the German Democratic Republic.