Cao Tianqin (Chinese: ???; 5 December 1920 – 8 January 1995), also known as Tien-chin Tsao, was a Chinese biochemist and a professor at the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry.
With a research focus on muscle protein, he discovered the myosin light chain and pioneered the study of tropomyosin and paramyosin using electron microscopes.
He was a strong advocate and main leader for the synthesis of insulin, and spearheaded the research of plant viruses in China.
An academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, he served as President of the CAS Shanghai Branch.
He was the husband of the renowned physicist Xie Xide.