Johann Georg Roederer (13 May 1726 – 4 April 1763) was a German physician and obstetrician who was a native of Strasbourg.
He was father-in-law to historian August Ludwig von Schlözer (1735–1809).
Roederer studied medicine at Leiden, Paris and London, and afterwards was a pupil at the midwifery school in Strasbourg under Johann Jakob Fried (1689–1769).
Through a recommendation from Albrecht von Haller (1708–1777), he was appointed in 1751 as the first professor of obstetrics at the University of Göttingen by George II, the British monarch and elector of Hanover.
Among his written works was a 1753 publication on the "elements of obstetrics" titled Elementa artis obstetriciae in usum auditorumcode: lat promoted to code: la , and a treatise involving observations made with Carl Gottlieb Wagler (1731–1778) on the typhoid epidemic at Göttingen (1757–1763).