Yoshitora Kawai (1902 – 1923) was an active Japanese socialist and communist involved with many Tokyo-based political groups.
He attended Honzan hospital's nurse training school, but moved to Tokyo's Kameido district in September 1920 after being exposed to socialism from a professor, Oka Sensei.
He was a member of Gyominkai (Enlightened People's Society), a communist study group, and joined the Nankatsu Labor Union alongside Tanno Setsu.
In March 1923, Kawai created the Tokyo Communist Youth League, the first instance of a group openly labeling themselves as Communists.
During the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake, Kawai was reported as having rescued three children who had been trapped under a collapsed house.
Amidst the chaos of the earthquake's aftermath, he was captured on September 2, 1923, and a few days later, was killed by police in prison during the Kameido Incident.