Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov (Russian: ?´??? ????????? ????´?, born 13 August 1924 in Moscow) is a nuclear physicist and human rights activist, a former Soviet dissident, a founder of the Moscow Helsinki Group and the Soviet Amnesty International group, and currently Professor of Physics Emeritus at Cornell University.
He was declared a prisoner of conscience while serving nine years in prison and internal exile for monitoring the Helsinki human rights accords as a founder of the human rights movement in the Soviet Union.