Józef Unszlicht or Iosif Stanislavovich Unshlikht (Russian: ??´??? ????????´????? ?´??????; nicknames "Jurowski", "Leon") (December 31 [O.S.
19 December] 1879 - July 28, 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary activist, one of the founders of the Cheka, and Soviet government official of Polish extraction from the Masovian region.
Unszlicht participated in and in fact initiated some of the worst excesses of the Bolshevik revolution including mass murders of political opponents.
In 1934, he was replaced by Genrikh Yagoda who continued and amplified Unszlicht's previous policies.
A member of Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania from 1900 and the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party from 1906 (following their merger), Unszlicht took part in Vladimir Lenin's October Revolution and in 1918 joined the Red Army.
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