Joseph Hayne Rainey (June 21, 1832 – August 1, 1887) was an American politician.
He was the first black person to serve in the United States House of Representatives, the second black person (after Hiram Revels) to serve in the United States Congress and the first black presiding officer of the House of Representatives.
Born into slavery in South Carolina, he was freed in the 1840s by his father purchasing the freedom of his entire family and himself.
Revels and Rainey were both members of the Republican Party.