René-Édouard Caron (21 October 1800 – 13 December 1876) was a Canadian politician, judge, and the second Lieutenant Governor of Quebec.He was born in Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, Lower Canada, the son of Augustin Caron, a well-to-do farmer and Member of the House of Assembly (MHA) for Lower Canada, and Élizabeth Lessard.
He studied Latin at the college of Saint-Pierre-de-la-Rivière-du-Sud, which prepared him for admittance to the Petit Séminaire de Québec, in 1813.
After later studying law in André-Rémi Hamel's office, Caron was called to the Quebec Bar in 1826.
In 1828, he married Marie-Vénérande-Joséphine de Blois, the daughter of Joseph de Blois and Marie-Vénérande Ranvoyzé.In 1833, he was elected as a municipal representative for the Palais district of Quebec City.
In 1834, he was elected mayor by the city councillors and served until 1836.
He was mayor again from 1840 to 1846.
He was mayor when cholera broke out in 1834 and when a fire nearly destroyed the city in 1845.In 1834, he was elected a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for the riding of Upper Town of Quebec.
In 1841, he was appointed a member of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada.
He was the Speaker from 1843 to 1847 and again from 1848 to 1853.
From 1844 to 1853, he was also in a law partnership with Louis de Gonzague Baillairgé.
In 1853, he was appointed Judge of the Court of Appeal, and in 1855 of the Court of the Queen's Bench.
In 1859, he took part in the codification of the civil laws.
He remained a judge until 1873 when he was appointed the second Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec.
He served until his death in December 1876.
He was buried at Cimetière Notre-Dame-de-Belmont in Sainte-Foy.