Johann Ludwig Christian Koelle (18 March 1763 – 30 July 1797) was a German physician and botanist born in Münchberg.
During his career he served as a "Medicinalrath" (medical counselor) and also worked as a county physician in Bayreuth.
He was a member of the Regensburgische Botanische Gesellschaft (Botanical Society of Regensburg).The plant genus Koellia (family Lamiaceae) is named in his honor.