Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev (Azerbaijani: Heyd?r ?lirza oglu ?liyev, [hejdær ælirz? o?lu ælij?f]; Russian: ?????´? ???´???? ???´??, romanized: Geydar Aliyevich Aliyev, [g??j'dar ?'l?i??v?t? ?'l?i??f]; 10 May 1923 – 12 December 2003) was an Azerbaijani politician who served as the third President of Azerbaijan from October 1993 to October 2003.
As national president he held constitutional powers, but his influence on Azerbaijani politics had begun years earlier.
As a young man he had joined the Azerbaijan SSR People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB) and quickly rose to the rank of Major-General.
The regime established by Heydar Aliyev in Azerbaijan has been described as dictatorial, authoritarian, and repressive.
Political commentators highlight that Aliyev ran a heavy-handed police state, that he rigged elections and muzzled the media whereas others emphasize that his balanced policy brought stability to Azerbaijan.