(December 8, 1915 – June 4, 2000) was a scholar of American literature, focusing on Ralph Waldo Emerson and Herman Melville.
His most important works are the genetic edition of Melville's Billy Budd, Sailor (1962, co-edited with Harrison Hayford), Pursuing Melville, 1940–1980 (1982) and Melville's Reading (1966, revised edition 1988).
He taught at Lawrence College (1948–1965), and became Henry A.
Pochmann Professor of English at the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1965-1982).
He won both Ford Foundation and Guggenheim Fellowships.