John Vaughan (15 January 1756 – 30 December 1841) was a wine merchant, philanthropist, and long-time treasurer and librarian of the American Philosophical Society.
A native of England, Vaughan settled in Philadelphia in 1782, becoming a respected citizen of the city, and working for literary, scientific and benevolent causes.
During five decades of service to the Society, Vaughan was instrumental in building its library collection and introducing many scientists and historians to each other through his letters and Sunday breakfasts.