James Mitchell Ashley (November 14, 1824 – September 16, 1896) was an American politician and abolitionist.
A member of the Republican Party, Ashley served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio during the American Civil War, where he became a leader of the Radical Republicans and pushed for passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, ending slavery in the United States.
After the war, he served as Governor of the Montana Territory and president of the Ann Arbor Railroad.