Johann Burianek (born Düsseldorf 16 November 1913: executed Dresden 2 August 1952) was a militant campaigner against the one party dictatorship in the German Democratic Republic and a member of the "Struggle against Inhumanty" group (KgU / Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit).
In a 1952 show trial he was condemned to death in the country's Supreme Court for preparing attacks on railway bridges.
He was the first person to receive a death sentence from the new country's justice system.
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