John Marshall Harlan, Date of Birth, Place of Birth, Date of Death

    

John Marshall Harlan

United States Union Army officer and Supreme Court Associate Justice

Date of Birth: 01-Jun-1833

Place of Birth: Boyle County, Kentucky, United States

Date of Death: 14-Oct-1911

Profession: judge, lawyer, politician

Nationality: United States

Zodiac Sign: Gemini


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About John Marshall Harlan

  • John Marshall Harlan (June 1, 1833 – October 14, 1911) was an American lawyer and politician who served as an associate justice on the U.S.
  • Supreme Court.
  • He is often called "The Great Dissenter" due to his many dissents in cases that restricted civil liberties, including the Civil Rights Cases and Plessy v.
  • Ferguson.
  • His grandson John Marshall Harlan II was also a Supreme Court justice.
  • Born into a prominent, slave-holding family in Frankfort, Kentucky, Harlan experienced a quick rise to political prominence.
  • When the American Civil War broke out, Harlan strongly supported the Union and recruited the 10th Kentucky Infantry.
  • Despite his opposition to the Emancipation Proclamation, he served in the war until 1863, when he won election as Attorney General of Kentucky.
  • Harlan lost his re-election bid in 1867 and joined the Republican Party in the following year, quickly emerging as the leader of the Kentucky Republican Party.
  • After the 1876 presidential election, newly-inaugurated President Rutherford B.
  • Hayes appointed Harlan to the Supreme Court. Harlan's jurisprudence was marked by his life-long belief in a strong national government, his sympathy for the economically disadvantaged, and his view that the Reconstruction Amendments had fundamentally transformed the relationship between the federal government and the state governments.
  • He dissented in both the Civil Rights Cases (1883) and Plessy v.
  • Ferguson (1896), which permitted state and private actors to engage in segregation.
  • He also wrote dissents in major cases such as Pollock v.
  • Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
  • (1895), which struck down a federal income tax, United States v.
  • E.
  • C.
  • Knight Co.
  • (1895), which severely limited the power of the federal government to pursue antitrust actions, and Standard Oil Co.
  • of New Jersey v.
  • United States (1911), which established the rule of reason.
  • He was the first Supreme Court justice to advocate the Incorporation of the Bill of Rights, and his majority opinion in Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co.
  • v.
  • City of Chicago (1897) incorporated the Takings Clause.
  • Harlan was largely forgotten in the decades after his death, but many scholars now consider him to be one of the greatest Supreme Court justices of his era.

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