Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Date of Birth, Place of Birth, Date of Death

    

Muhammad Ali of Egypt

Wali of Egypt and Sudan

Date of Birth: 04-Mar-1769

Place of Birth: Kavala, Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace, Greece

Date of Death: 02-Aug-1849

Profession: military personnel, politician, condottiero

Nationality: Egypt

Zodiac Sign: Pisces


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About Muhammad Ali of Egypt

  • Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha (Ottoman Turkish: ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????; Arabic: ???? ??? ?????, ALA-LC: Mu?ammad ‘Ali Basha, Albanian: Mehmet Ali Pasha, Turkish: Kavalali Mehmet Ali Pasa) 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was the Ottoman governor of Egypt from 1805 to 1848.
  • At the height of his rule, he controlled Lower Egypt, Upper Egypt, Sudan and, briefly, parts of Arabia and the Levant.
  • Though not a modern nationalist, he is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt. Muhammad Ali was born in Kavala, Ottoman Macedonia to a family of Albanian origins.
  • He was a military commander in an Ottoman force sent to recover Egypt from a French occupation under Napoleon.
  • Following Napoleon's withdrawal, Muhammad Ali rose to power through a series of political maneuvers, and in 1805 he was named Wali (viceroy) of Egypt and gained the rank of Pasha. As Wali, Muhammad Ali attempted to modernize Egypt by instituting dramatic reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres.
  • He also initiated a violent purge of the Mamluks, consolidating his rule and permanently ending the Mamluk hold over Egypt. Militarily, Muhammad Ali recaptured the Arabian territories for the sultan, and conquered Sudan on his own accord.
  • His attempt at suppressing the Greek rebellion failed decisively, however, following an intervention by the European powers at Navarino.
  • In 1831, Muhammad Ali waged war against the sultan, capturing Syria, crossing into Anatolia and directly threatening Constantinople.
  • Faced with another European intervention, he accepted a brokered peace in 1840 and withdrew from the Levant; in return, he and his descendants were granted hereditary rule over Egypt and Sudan.
  • The dynasty he established would rule Egypt until the revolution of 1952.

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