Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak KB (Russian: ??????´??? ????´?????? ?????´?; 16 November [O.S.
4 November] 1874 – 7 February 1920) was an Imperial Russian admiral, military leader and polar explorer who served in the Imperial Russian Navy and fought in the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War.
During the Russian Civil War, he established an anti-communist government in Siberia—later the Provisional All-Russian Government—and was recognised as the "Supreme Leader and Commander-in-Chief of All Russian Land and Sea Forces" by the other leaders of the White movement from 1918 to 1920.
His government was based in Omsk, in southwestern Siberia.
For nearly two years, Kolchak was Russia's internationally recognized head of state.
However, his effort to unite the White Movement failed; Kolchak refused to consider autonomy for ethnic minorities and refused to cooperate with non-Bolshevik leftists, heavily relying on outside aid.
This served only to boost the Reds morale, as it allowed them to label Kolchak as a "Western Puppet".
As his White forces fell apart, he was betrayed and captured by the Czechoslovak Legion who handed him over to local Socialists-Revolutionaries, and he was soon after executed by the Bolsheviks in Irkutsk.