Ernest Cromwell Peake (18 August 1874 – 24 December 1950) was an English Missionary of the London Missionary Society who worked in China, from 1899 to 1922.
He was the first medical missionary to work in Hengchow (Hengzhou, modern Hengyang), in Hunan Province, China where he set up a clinic and dispensary.
He was also appointed head of the Mackenzie Memorial Hospital in Tianjin, China in 1912.
Peake was known for teaching Chinese locals about medicine, and for being one of the first missionaries to bring modern medical techniques to China.
He was the father of Mervyn Peake, the writer and poet.