Anwar al-Awlaki (also spelled al-Aulaqi, al-Awlaqi; Arabic: ???? ???????? Anwar al-βAwlaqi; April 21/22, 1971 β September 30, 2011) was a Yemeni-American imam.
U.S.
government officials allege that, as well as being a senior recruiter and motivator, he was centrally involved in planning terrorist operations for the Islamist militant group al-Qaeda, but have not released evidence that could support this claim.
Al-Awlaki became the first U.S.
citizen to be targeted and killed by a U.S.
drone strike without the rights of due process being afforded.
President Barack Obama ordered the strike.
His son, Abdulrahman al-Awlaki (a 16-year-old U.S.
citizen), was killed in a U.S.
drone strike two weeks later.
On January 29, 2017, al-Awlaki's 8-year-old daughter, Nawar al-Awlaki, was killed in a U.S.
commando attack in Yemen that was ordered by President Donald Trump.
With a blog, a Facebook page, the al-Qaeda magazine Inspire, and many YouTube videos, al-Awlaki was described by Saudi news station Al Arabiya as the "bin Laden of the Internet".
After a request from the U.S.
Congress in November 2010, Google removed many of al-Awlaki's videos from YouTube.
According to The New York Times, al-Awlaki's public statements and videos have been more influential in inspiring acts of terrorism in the wake of his killing than before his death.As imam at a mosque in Falls Church, Virginia (2001β02), al-Awlaki spoke with and preached to three of the 9/11 hijackers, who were al-Qaeda members.
In 2001, he presided at the funeral of the mother of Nidal Malik Hasan, an Army psychiatrist who later e-mailed him extensively in 2008β09 before carrying out the Fort Hood shootings.
During al-Awlaki's later radical period after 2006β07, when he went into hiding, he may have associated with Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, who attempted the 2009 Christmas Day bombing of an American airliner.
Al-Awlaki was allegedly involved in planning Abdulmutallab's attack.
The Yemeni government tried him in absentia in November 2010, for plotting to kill foreigners and being a member of al-Qaeda.
A Yemeni judge ordered that he be captured "dead or alive".
Some U.S.
officials said that in 2009, al-Awlaki was promoted to the rank of "regional commander" within al-Qaeda.
Others felt that Nasir al-Wuhayshi still held this rank and that al-Awlaki was an influential member in the group.
He repeatedly called for jihad against the United States.In April 2010, al-Awlaki was placed on a CIA kill list by President Barack Obama due to his alleged terrorist activities.
Al-Awlaki's father and civil rights groups challenged the order in court.
Al-Awlaki was believed to be in hiding in southeast Yemen in the last years of his life.
The U.S.
deployed unmanned aircraft (drones) in Yemen to search for and kill him, firing at and failing to kill him at least once; he was successfully killed on September 30, 2011.
Two weeks later, al-Awlaki's 16-year-old son, Abdulrahman al-Awlaki, a U.S.
citizen who was born in Denver, Colorado, was also killed by a CIA-led drone strike in Yemen.
Nasser al-Awlaki, Anwar's father, released an audio recording condemning the killings of his son and grandson as senseless murders.
In June 2014, a previously classified memorandum issued by the U.S.
Department of Justice was released, justifying al-Awlaki's death as a lawful act of war.
Some civil liberties advocates have described the incident as "an extrajudicial execution" that breached al-Awlaki's right to due process, including a trial.