Domenico Troili (1722–1792) was an Italian abbate and a Jesuit, who held the appointment of custodian of the library of the ruling family of Este in Modena.
He is recognized as the first person who documented the fall of a meteorite, in 1766.Troili was a pupil of Roger Joseph Boscovich at the Collegio Romano, and supported his master's atomic theory explaining the properties of matter.