Caroline Stewart Bond Day (November 18, 1889 – May 5, 1948) was an American physical anthropologist, author and educator.
She was one of the first African-Americans to receive a degree in anthropology.Day is recognized as a pioneer physical anthropologist whose study helped future black researchers and is used to challenge scientific racism about miscegenation.She published various essays in the 1920s and early 1930s, as well as a short story The Pink Hat, which is believed to be autobiographical.
In 1927 she returned to Radcliffe, where she obtained a master's degree in anthropology in 1930.
Her thesis, "A Study of Some Negro-White Families in the United States," published in 1932, contained sociological and anthropological information on 350 mixed-race family histories with over 400 photographs.
She subsequently spent a number of years teaching at Howard University.
Day retired to Durham, North Carolina in 1939.
She died on May 5, 1948 having been in poor health.Day was the first African-American who turned her lens on her own family and social world, "Negro-White" families, in order to scientifically measure and record the hybridity of mixed race families by using the language of what she referred to as "blood-quantum" that illustrates the fraction of racial types.
Her research challenged the perception of inferiority of non-whites.
She attempted to eliminate racial preconception and discrimination and advocated social equality for all African-Americans.
Although Day's work was not well received within contemporary scholarship in the early twentieth century and still remains controversial, her scientific research re-evaluates the accomplishments of African-American women in the white-male-dominated field of physical anthropology and marks the first step in understanding and promoting African-American biological vindication.