Rudolf Nadolny (12 July 1873 – 18 May 1953) was a German diplomat and military officer.
During the First World War he worked in a branch of the German General Staff, which experimented in biological warfare.
He was the German Ambassador to Turkey (1924–1933) and the Soviet Union (1933–1934) and head of the German delegation at the World Disarmament Conference (1932–1933).
He sought to pursue close relations between Germany and the Soviet Union.
Nadolny left the diplomatic service in opposition to Hitler's policy towards the Soviets.