At the 1980 Olympics she won the 800 m event, setting a world record at 1:53.43, and finished third in the 1500 m.
Her 800 m world record was improved in 1983, but still remains the second-best time over that distance.
Other than world record holder Jarmila KratochvÃlová in 1983, only two athletes, Pamela Jelimo of Kenya, in 2008, and Caster Semenya of South Africa, in 2018, have come within a second of Olizarenko's mark since it was set.Olizarenko won the 1986 European title in the 800 m, but failed to reach the final in this event at the 1988 Olympics.
She still holds the world record in the 4×800 m relay set in 1984.