Juan de Palafox y Mendoza (June 26, 1600 – October 1, 1659) was a Spanish politician, administrator, and Catholic clergyman in 17th century Spain and a viceregal of Mexico.
Palafox was the Bishop of Puebla (1640-1655), and the interim Archbishop of Mexico (1640-1642).
He also held political office, from June 10, 1642 to November 23, 1642 as the Viceroy of New Spain.
He lost a high-profile struggle with the Jesuits in New Spain, resulting in a recall to Spain, to the minor Diocese of Osma in Old Castile.
Although a case was opened for his beatification shortly after he died in 1659, he was not designated "Blessed" until 2011.