Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso (Tibetan: ???????????????????????, Wylie: Ngag-dbang blo-bzang rgya-mtsho; Tibetan pronunciation: [??`w?`? l?´ps?`? c?`t?só]; 1617–1682) was the 5th Dalai Lama and the first Dalai Lama to wield effective temporal and spiritual power over all Tibet.
He is often referred to simply as the Great Fifth, being a key religious and temporal leader of Tibetan Buddhism and Tibet.
Gyatso is credited with unifying all Tibet after a Mongol military intervention which ended a protracted era of civil wars.
As an independent head of state, he established diplomatic relations with China and other regional countries and also met early European explorers.
Gyatso also wrote 24 volumes' worth of scholarly and religious works on a wide range of subjects.