Elisaveta Ivanovna Bykova (or Elisabeth Bykova, Russian: ???????´?? ???´????? ??´????; 4 November 1913 – 8 March 1989) was a Soviet chess player and twice Women's World Chess Champion, from 1953 until 1956, and again from 1958 to 1962.
She was awarded the titles of Woman International Master in 1950, International Master in 1953, and Woman Grandmaster in 1976.