Following a dispute in 1904 with the French Resident General Stephen Pichon over the dismissal of his Grand Vizier Mohammed Aziz Bouattour, he suffered a stroke which caused paralysis of his lower limbs.
Shortly before his death, the first violent resistance to authority since the start of the protectorate took place in the Thala-Kasserine Disturbances.
He died in his palace at Carthage Dermech and was buried in the Tourbet el Bey mausoleum in the medina of Tunis.
He was succeeded by his cousin Muhammad V an-Nasir.