He studied economics, management science and modern languages at the Czech Technical University in Prague from 1824 to 1828.
He began work in finance (civil service) before becoming a magistrate in Chrudim in Bohemia.
Fieber was a Member of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina.
He was the author of "Synopsis der europäischen Orthopteren" (1854), Die europäischen Hemiptera (1860), and numerous other publications on insects.