Mamphela Aletta Ramphele (; born 28 December 1947) is a South African politician, a former activist against apartheid, a medical doctor, an academic and businesswoman.
She was a partner of anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko, with whom she had two children.
She is a former Vice-Chancellor at the University of Cape Town and a one-time Managing Director at the World Bank.
Ramphele founded political party Agang South Africa in February 2013 and withdrew from politics in July 2014 after disputes within the party.