Cornelis Chastelein, also written Chasteleijn or Chastelijn (Amsterdam, August 10, 1657 - Batavia, June 28, 1714) was born of a notable merchant family.
He was the youngest member of a family of eight children.
His father, Anthony Chastelein, arrived to the Netherlands from France as a huguenot, and a member of the Dutch East India Company.
His mother, Maria Cruydenier, was the daughter of the mayor of Dordrecht who served for the Dutch West India Company.
On January 24, 1675, 17-years-old Cornelis Chastelein boarded the Ship's ’t Huis te Cleeff and arrived at Batavia on August 16, 1675.
In Batavia, Chastelein worked as an accountant in service of the Company.