Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (8 January 1640 – 24 August 1709), was a German princess and a member of the House of Wettin in the Ernestine branch of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.
By marriage she was Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt and Landgravine-Regent from 1678 to 1688.