Gertrude Caton Thompson, (1 February 1888 – 18 April 1985) was an influential English archaeologist at a time when participation by women in the discipline was uncommon.
While a lot of her archaeological work was in Egypt, she also went on expeditions in countries like Zimbabwe and South Arabia.
Many of her contributions to the field of archaeology include a technique for excavating archaeological sites and information on Paleolithic to Predynastic civilizations in Zimbabwe and Egypt.
Caton Thompson held many official positions in organizations such as the Prehistoric Society and the Royal Anthropological Institute.