Mikhail Bakunin, Date of Birth, Place of Birth, Date of Death

    

Mikhail Bakunin

Russian revolutionary, philosopher, and theorist of collectivist anarchism

Date of Birth: 18-May-1814

Place of Birth: Prjamuchino, Russia

Date of Death: 19-Jun-1876

Profession: writer, politician, philosopher, anarchist

Zodiac Sign: Taurus


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About Mikhail Bakunin

  • Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (; 30 May [O.S.
  • 18 May] 1814 – 1 July 1876) was a Russian revolutionary anarchist and founder of collectivist anarchism.
  • He is considered among the most influential figures of anarchism and one of the principal founders of the social anarchist tradition.
  • Bakunin's prestige as an activist also made him one of the most famous ideologues in Europe, gaining substantial influence amongst radicals throughout Russia and Europe. Bakunin grew up in Pryamukhino, a family estate in Tver Governorate.
  • From 1840, he studied in Saint Petersburg and then in Berlin, hoping to enter academia.
  • Later in Paris he met Karl Marx and the father of anarchism, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who became a profound influence on him. Bakunin's increasing radicalism put to an end hopes of a professorial career.
  • He was expelled from France for opposing Russia's ocupation of Poland.
  • In 1849, he was apprehended in Dresden for his participation in the Czech rebellion of 1848 and deported to Russia where he was imprisoned first in Saint Petersburg and from 1854 at the Shlisselburg fortress, and finally being exiled to Siberia in 1857.
  • Bakunin escaped to the United States via Japan and eventually to London where he worked with Alexander Herzen on the journal Kolokol (The Bell).
  • In 1863, he left to join the insurrection in Poland, but he failed to reach his destination and instead spent time in Switzerland and Italy. In 1868, Bakunin joined the International Working Men's Association, leading an anarchist Bakuninist faction to rapidly expand in influence.
  • The 1872 Hague Congress was dominated by a struggle between Marx, a key figure in the General Council of the International, arguing for the use of the state to bring about socialism, and the Bakunin/anarchist faction, arguing instead for the replacement of the state by federations of self-governing workplaces and communes.
  • Bakunin could not reach the Netherlands and in his absence, the Bakuninist faction lost and he was expelled for maintaining, in Marx's view, a secret organisation within the International. From 1870 until his death in 1876, Bakunin wrote his longer works, Statism and Anarchy and God and the State but remained a direct participant in European workers' and peasants' movements.
  • In 1870, he was involved in an insurrection in Lyon, France.
  • His health in decline, Bakunin also sought to take part in an anarchist insurection in Bologna, Italy, but was forced to return to Switzerland in disguise. Bakunin is remembered as a major figure in the history of anarchism and as an opponent of Marxism, especially of the dictatorship of the proletariat, and for his predictions that Marxist regimes would be one-party dictatorships over the proletariat, not of the proletariat itself.
  • His book, God and the State, has been widely translated and remains in print.
  • Bakunin continues to be an influence on modern-day anarchists such as Noam Chomsky.
  • His biographer Mark Leier has writen that, "Bakunin had a significant influence on later thinkers, ranging from Peter Kropotkin and Errico Malatesta to the Wobblies and Spanish anarchists in the Civil War to Herbert Marcuse, E.P.
  • Thompson, Neil Postman, and A.S.
  • Neill, down to the anarchists gathered these days under the banner of 'anti-globalization.'"

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