Anna Chmelková (née Blanáriková; born 26 July 1944) is a Slovak former track and field sprinter who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 400 metres.
She was the first Slovak to win a European gold medal in athletics, doing so at the 1966 European Athletics Championships.
She also represented Czechoslovakia at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics.
Chmelková was a four-time Czechoslovak national champion and improved the national record several times.
Her personal best of 52.9 seconds was achieved while winning her European title.