John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute, Date of Birth, Place of Birth, Date of Death

    

John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute

British noble

Date of Birth: 10-Aug-1793

Place of Birth: Dumfries House, Scotland, United Kingdom

Date of Death: 18-Mar-1848

Profession: politician

Zodiac Sign: Leo


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About John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute

  • John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute, KT, FRS (10 August 1793 – 18 March 1848), styled Lord Mount Stuart between 1794 and 1814, was a wealthy aristocrat and industrialist in Georgian and early Victorian Britain.
  • He developed the coal and iron industries across South Wales and built the Cardiff Docks. Bute's father, John, Lord Mount Stuart, died a few months after he was born and as a young child he was brought up first by his mother, the former Lady Elizabeth McDougall-Crichton, and later by his paternal grandfather, John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute.
  • He travelled widely across Europe before attending Cambridge University.
  • He contracted an eye condition and remained partially sighted for the rest of his life.
  • Having inherited large estates across Britain, he married his first wife, Lady Maria North, in 1818, and together they lived a relatively secluded life in Mount Stuart House in Scotland, one of Bute's four seats.
  • Bute was dour but industrious, with a flair for land management.
  • He focused his daily routine around extensive correspondence with his estate managers, making biennial tours of his lands around the country.
  • The couple did not conceive any children, and Maria died in 1841.
  • Bute remarried four years later, to Lady Sophia Rawdon-Hastings, and she gave birth to Bute's only child, John, in 1847. Bute was a member of the House of Lords and controlled the votes of several members of the House of Commons.
  • He was a political and religious conservative, a follower of the Duke of Wellington, but rarely took part in national debates unless his own commercial interests were involved.
  • Early on, Bute realised the vast wealth that lay in the South Wales coalfields and set about commercially exploiting them through local ironmasters and colliers.
  • He constructed the Cardiff Docks, a major project which, despite running heavily over budget, enabled further exports of iron and coal and magnified the value of his lands in Glamorganshire.
  • When violence broke out in the Merthyr Rising of 1831, Bute led the government response from Cardiff Castle, despatching military forces, deploying spies and keeping Whitehall informed throughout.
  • The contemporary press praised the marquess as "the creator of modern Cardiff", and on his death he left vast wealth to his son.

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