Jyoti Bhusan Chatterjea (1919–1972) was an Indian hematologist, medical academic and the director of Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, He was known for his hematological and clinical studies of Hemoglobin E/ß-thalassaemia and was an elected fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, and the Indian National Science Academy.
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 1966.