Charles-Théophile Gaudin (4 August 1822, Petit-Château, near Lausanne – 12 January 1866, Lausanne) was a Swiss paleontologist known for his research in the field of paleobotany.
He studied theology in Lausanne, afterwards spending several years in England as tutor to the family of Lord Ashley (1845–51).
He then returned to Switzerland, where he concentrated on paleontological studies.
In 1854 he began work as a tutor to Gabriel de Rumine, the son of Catherine de Rumine, with whom he founded the Musée industriel de Lausanne in 1862.He spent several winters with his pupil in Italy, from where he conducted much of his significant scientific research.
He was a member of the Société Helvetique de Sciences Naturelles and the Société Vaudoise de Sciences Naturelles.