Claude Lepelley (8 February 1934 – 31 January 2015) was a 20th-21st-century French historian, a specialist of late Antiquity and North Africa during Antiquity.
His thesis, Les cités de l'Afrique romaine au Bas-Empire, defended in 1977 under the direction of William Seston, profoundly changed the understanding of the urban world in the third - fourth centuries: far from declining, the cities of Africa had some prosperity at that time.