He is currently the President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.
LeBlanc ran for leadership of Liberal Party in 2008 but dropped out of the race to endorse Michael Ignatieff, who was later acclaimed leader.
With the resignation of Ignatieff after the 2011 federal election LeBlanc was considered a likely candidate in the race to succeed him as party leader, but declined on running.On November 4, 2015, he was appointed the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons in the present Cabinet, headed by Justin Trudeau.
On May 31, 2016, upon the resignation of Hunter Tootoo from the Ministry, LeBlanc also assumed the role of Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard.
On August 19, 2016, LeBlanc was replaced by Bardish Chagger as Leader of the Government in the House of Commons.
On July 18, 2018, LeBlanc was shuffled from the role of Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard to the role of Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs, Northern Affairs and Internal Trade.