Wanting to dissociate from old government, which was sullied by the scandals, Godbout sought out some non-politicians to serve in his cabinet.
McDougall accepted Godbout's offer to become provincial treasurer (minister of finance).
McDougall was sworn in on 27 June 1936 and immediately began campaigning for election to the Quebec National Assembly in the 1936 election as a Liberal.
McDougall ran in the constituency of Montreal-Saint-Laurent.
On 17 August 1936, McDougall was beaten by Thomas Joseph Coonan, the Union Nationale candidate, by less than 200 votes.
The Union Nationale won more seats than the Liberals, and Godbout's short term as premier also came to an end.
In 1942, McDougall was appointed as a judge of the Court of King's Bench of Quebec (the former name of the Quebec Court of Appeal), the highest appellate court in Quebec.
In 1946, McDougall represented Canada as a judge on the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo.
McDougall died in Montreal.
He was survived by his wife, daughter and 3 grandchildren.