Gustave Dutailly (2 August 1846, in Meuvy (Haute-Marne) – 4 February 1906) was a French botanist, politician and art collector.
He studied plant physiology in Paris, and in the meantime made contributions to the Dictionnaire de botanique.
At the time of his death, his art collection as well as a library of 3500 volumes were bequeathed to the city of Chaumont.The genus Dutaillyea (family Rutaceae) was named in his honor by Henri Ernest Baillon.