Henri Lebègue (27 February 1856 – 19 October 1938) was a French palaeographer, director of studies at the École pratique des hautes études.
The French historian Ernest Lebègue (1862–1943), was is brother.
Henri Lebègue was also the father of literary historian Raymond Lebègue and nephew of publisher and media owner Alphonse-Nicolas Lebègue (1814–1885) from Brussels.