Ahmed Djemal Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: ???? ???? ?????, romanized: Ahmet Cemâl Pasa; 6 May 1872 – 21 July 1922), commonly known as Jamal Basha as-Saffah or Jamal Pasha the Bloodthirsty in the Arab world, was an Ottoman military leader and one-third of the military triumvirate known as the Three Pashas (also called the "Three Dictators") that ruled the Ottoman Empire during World War I and carried out the Armenian Genocide.